Julio Cruz v. Polly Phuong Tran

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA CIVIL MINUTES – GENERAL Case No.: 8:26-cv-00048 ADS Date: April 17, 2026 Title: Julio Cruz v. Polly Phuong Tran, et al. Present: The Honorable Autumn D. Spaeth, United States Magistrate Judge Kristee Hopkins None Reported Deputy Clerk Court Reporter / Recorder Attorney(s) Present for Plaintiff(s): Attorney(s) Present for Defendant(s): None Present None Present Proceedings: (IN CHAMBERS) ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE RE: SUPPLEMENTAL JURISDICTION In this case, Plaintiff Julio Cruz alleges claims against Defendants Polly Phuong Tran, TM-DEC Enterprise, LLC, and unnamed Does under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), California’s Unruh Civil Rights Act (“Unruh Act”), Disabled Persons Act, and Health and Safety Code, and for negligence. (Dkt. No. 1, Compl.) Plaintiff seeks injunctive relief under the ADA and statutory damages under the Unruh Act and Disabled Persons Act. Plaintiff contends that the Court has federal question jurisdiction over the ADA claim and supplemental jurisdiction over the state law claims. (Compl., ¶¶ 6-7.) State law claims may be brought in federal court under the doctrine of supplemental jurisdiction. Supplemental jurisdiction “is a doctrine of discretion, not of plaintiff’s right.” United Mine Workers v. Gibbs, 383 U.S. 715, 726 (1966). District courts have discretion to decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction if: “(1) the claim raises a novel or complex issue of State law, (2) the claim substantially predominates over the claim or claims over which the district court has original jurisdiction, (3) the district court has dismissed all claims over which it has original jurisdiction, or (4) in exceptional circumstances, there are other compelling reasons for declining jurisdiction.” 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c). The Ninth Circuit has found that ADA/Unruh cases such as this one can present exceptional circumstances that warrant the declination of supplemental jurisdiction UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA CIVIL MINUTES – GENERAL Case No.: 8:26-cv-00048 ADS Date: April 17, 2026 Title: Julio Cruz v. Polly Phuong Tran, et al. over state law claims. Arroyo v. Rosas, 19 F.4th 1202, 1205, 1211 (9th Cir. 2021) (finding exceptional circumstances where generally litigants filing ADA/Unruh cases in federal court were circumventing California procedural requirements specifically designed to limit litigation); see also Vo v. Choi, 49 F.4th 1167, 1171, 1174 (9th Cir. 2022) (affirming district court’s declination of supplemental jurisdiction in an ADA/Unruh case, where litigants evaded California procedural requirements and the declination “best served the principles of economy, convenience, fairness, and comity”). Plaintiff is ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE why supplemental jurisdiction should be exercised by the Court over the state law claims. Plaintiff must file a response to this Order to Show Cause by May 1, 2026. In the response, Plaintiff shall identify the amount of statutory damages being sought. Plaintiff and counsel shall also include declarations in the response which provide all facts necessary for the Court to determine if they satisfy the definition of a “high- frequency litigant” as provided by California Civil Procedure Code §§ 425.55(b)(1) & (2). Failure to respond to this Order may result in the Court declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s state law claims. IT IS SO ORDERED. Initials of Clerk kh